Virtual extensible LAN (VXLAN) is a tunneling protocol that can transmit Ethernet (layer 2) traffic through IP( layer 3) network tunnel. The VXLAN is an important part of the CCIE LAB Exam. if you want to take the CCIE Lab Exam in the future, and you must learn the VXlan technologies. so, SPOTO has professional tutors to support you. Besides, SPOTO has some discounts in the Double 11 sale! Hurry to contact us!
Doube 11 Sale:
SPOTO Double 11 Promotion: Enjoy Lowest Discounts on All Cisco, CCIE LAB, PMP, CISA, AWS, etc. Exam Dumps That Same as Black Friday!
Traditional layer two networks have issues because of three main reasons:
- Spanning-tree.
- Limited amount of VLANs.
- Large MAC address tables.
The spanning-tree blocks any redundant links, thus avoiding loops. Blocking connections to create loopless topologies can do the job, but it also means we pay for not available links. We can switch to layer three networks, but some technologies require layer two systems.
The VLAN ID is 12 bits, which means we can create 4094 VLAN( keep 0 and 4095). For data centers, only 4094 available VLAN may be a problem. For example, suppose we have a service provider with 500 customers. With 4094 public VLAN, they can only provide 8 VLAN. per customer.
The number of addresses in our switch’s MAC address table has increased exponentially due to server virtualization. Before server virtualization, a button needs only one MAC address per switch port. We can run many virtual machines (VM) or containers on a physical server by server virtualization. Each VM has a virtual NIC and a virtual MAC address. A switch must learn many MAC addresses on a single switch port.
A rack top (ToR) switch in a data center can be connected to 24 or 48 physical servers. The data center may have many racks, so each button must store the MAC addresses of all VM that communicate with each other. Compared with networks without server virtualization, we need larger MAC address tables.
This lesson will explain what VXLAN is, how it works, and how it solves the above layer two issues.
Overlay vs. Underlay
VXLAN uses an overlay and underlays network:
The overlay network is a virtual network running on the underlying physical network. Even if you have never heard of the term before, you may have read it. GRE tunnel is a simple example of covering the system. GRE tunnels run above the underlying physical network.
VXLAN, overlay used, is layer two ethernets. The bottom network is a layer 3 IP network. Another name for the underlying system is the transport network.
The underlying network is simple; its only job is to transfer packets from the A to the B. here, we do not use any layer two but only layer 3. When using layer 3, we can use IGP, like OSPF or EIGRP, and load-balanced traffic on redundant links
Another advantage is that the coverage network and the underlying network are independent. The overlay network is virtual and requires the underlying structure, but any changes you make to the overlay network will not affect the underlying system. You can add and delete links in the underlying network, and your overlay network will remain the same as long as your routing protocol can reach its destination.
VNI
VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) Identification VXLAN has similar functions to the VLAN ID of conventional VLAN. And we use 24 bits for VNI, That means we can create 16, 777, 215(approximately 16 million) VXLAN with 4094 VLAN with 12- bit VLAN ID, A lot. And we can make lots of VXLAN. A large service provider with thousands of customers can use as many VXLAN. as possible for each customer as needed
VTEP
VXLAN tunnel endpoints (VTEP) are devices responsible for encapsulating and encapsulating layer two traffic. This device is the connection between the overlay network and the underlying network. VTEP takes two forms:
- Software (host-based)
- Hardware (gateway)
Let’s look at these two options.
Software
When talking about a host, I mean a hypervisor, such as a VMWare ESXi or a Microsoft Hyper-V. These hypervisors use virtual switches, some of which support VXLAN. This is an example:
VXLAN tunnel is located between virtual switches of the virtual machine manager. VXLAN. the underlying network does not understand.
Hardware
Hardware VTEP is routers, switches, or firewalls that support VXLAN. We also refer to hardware VTEP as a VXLAN gateway because it combines regular VLAN and VXLAN network segments into a single layer two domain. Some switches have ASIC VXLAN support and better performance than software VTEP. It looks like this:
Above, the VXLAN tunnel is between the physical switches. Devices connected to physical buttons do not know VXLAN.
Interfaces
Each VTEP has two interfaces types:
VTEP IP interface: connect the VTEP to the underlying network using a unique IP address. The interface encapsulates and encapsulates Ethernet frames.
VNI interface: A virtual interface that keeps network traffic separated on the physical interface. Similar to an SVI interface.
A VTEP can have multiple VNI interfaces, but they associate with the same VTEP IP interface. Here’s a picture to help you visualize this:
Sorry, if you want to know more, and you can contact us to get the study materials! SPOTO has various exam dumps for all candidates! we have helped thousands of candidates pass their certified exams!
Top 8 Benefits of Choosing SPOTO Exam Dumps!
• 100% Real Exam Answers and Questions
• 100% Pass Guarantee
• Real Simulated Exam Environment
• Free Update for Dump Stability
• SPOTO Dumps with Highest Accuracy
• Latest Passing Report Feedback
• 7/24 Technical Support
• Professional Tutors Teams
Get 100% Real SPOTO Exam Practice Tests!
About SPOTO
Founded in 2003, SPOTO is an outstanding online IT training institute for 17 years. We offer 100% real and verified Cisco CCNA, CCNP, CCIE Lab, PMP, AWS, CISM, CISA, Huawei, and other IT exam practice tests and study materials to help thousands of candidates around the world to pass their IT exams on the 1st try.
With expertise and strength, SPOTO has made cooperation with Cisco, Huawei, Star-Net, and other well-known network equipment suppliers and system integrators at home and abroad. Also, SPOTO has close cooperation with Tencent.com, one of the IT giants in China, and verified as the official IT certification training institute by Tencent Class.
Comments